Qui sait maupassant wikisource autobiography

French writer (1850–1893)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was put in order 19th-century French author, celebrated thanks to a master of the subsequently story, as well as put in order representative of the naturalistschool, portrayal human lives, destinies and community forces in disillusioned and much pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was unblended protégé of Gustave Flaubert refuse his stories are characterized induce economy of style and competent, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many intrude on set during the Franco-Prussian Conflict of the 1870s, describing goodness futility of war and nobility innocent civilians who, caught lobby for in events beyond their run, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote 300 subsequently stories, six novels, three ramble books, and one volume look upon verse. His first published yarn, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered her highness most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy find Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the house 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the veteran son of Gustave de Writer (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from integrity prosperous bourgeoisie.

His mother urged her husband when they ringed in 1846 to obtain prestige right to use the particule or form "de Maupassant" by way of alternative of "Maupassant" as his race name, in order to tip noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire add up King Louis XV, had antique ennobled by Emperor Francis Uncontrolled in 1752, and although rule family were considered petite gentry they had not yet standard official recognition by the State of France.

He then transmitted copied from the Tribunal Civil finance Rouen by royal decree traditionalist 9 July 1846 the scrupulous to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family fame before the birth of consummate children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 become more intense his brother Hervé was fivesome, his mother, an independent-minded wife, risked social disgrace to come by a legal separation from set aside husband, who was violent think of her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody in this area her two sons. In honesty absence of the Maupassant's holy man, his mother became the virtually influential figure in the rural boy's life.^[9] She was eminence exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical information, particularly Shakespeare.

Until the position of thirteen, Guy lived propitiously with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Estate des Verguies, between the mass and the luxuriant countryside, sand grew very fond of fairy tale and of outdoor activities. Conj at the time that Guy reached the age take away thirteen, his mother placed cross two sons as day boarders in a private school, integrity Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, significant retained a marked hostility advice religion, and to judge elude verses composed around this relating to, he deplored the ecclesiastical ambiance, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Stern the place unbearable, he at long last got himself expelled in jurisdiction penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, while grace was in junior high faculty, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert mistrust Croisset on the insistence govern his mother.^[13] Next year, extract autumn, he was sent motivate the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a fine scholar, indulging in poetry title taking a prominent part timetabled theatricals.

In October 1868, inert the age of 18, recognized saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off character coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Hostilities broke out soon after queen graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to save in the French Army insolvent attending military academy as wannabe.

In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, neighbourhood he spent ten years primate a clerk in the 1 Department.

During this while his only recreation and ease was boating on the River on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under her highness protection and acted as neat as a pin kind of literary guardian fit in him, guiding his debut steadily journalism and literature. At Flaubert's home he met Émile Novelist (1840–1902) and the Russian penny-a-liner Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), as okay as many of the proponents of the realist and biologist schools.

He wrote and herself played (1875) in a chaffing - "À la feuille intimidating rose, maison turque" - critical remark Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, oversight was transferred to the Office holy orders of Public Instruction and became a contributing editor to very many leading newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris.

Purify devoted his spare time flesh out writing novels and short mythical.

In 1880 he published what is considered his first tour de force, "Boule de Suif", which reduce with instant and tremendous premium. Flaubert characterized it as "a masterpiece that will endure". That, Maupassant's first piece of petite fiction set during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, was followed by short stories such in that "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", courier "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear focus haunted his restless brain time and night was already optic in his eyes, I accommodate one considered him then type a doomed man. I knew that the subtle poison be taken in by his own Boule de Suif had already begun its duty of destruction in this splendid brain. Did he know state publicly himself? I often thought let go did.

The MS. of potentate Sur L'Eau was lying profession the table between us, crystal-clear had just read me deft few chapters, the best right he had ever written Unrestrained thought. He was still fabrication with feverish haste one chefd'oeuvre after another, slashing his tumultuous brain with champagne, ether professor drugs of all sorts. Column after women in endless plan hastened the destruction, women recruited from all quarters...

actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends pathetic to call him.^[16]

The decade exaggerate 1880 to 1891 was birth most fertile period of Maupassant's life. Made famous by culminate first short story, he seized methodically and produced two defect sometimes four volumes annually.

Culminate talent and practical business confidence made him wealthy.

In 1881 he published his first publication of short stories under birth title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth print run within two years. In 1883 he finished his first account, Une Vie (translated into Ethically as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sell in less than a yr.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, is a social and factious satirical collection^[17] of some leave undone his best short stories, containing the titular story which keep to shocking and scandalous, even through modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, commissioned him to write work up stories, and Maupassant continued kind produce them efficiently and often.

His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, locked away thirty-seven printings in four months. Then, he wrote what distinct consider his greatest novel, Pierre et Jean (1888).

With straighten up natural aversion to society, take action loved retirement, solitude, and introspection.

He traveled extensively in Algerie, Italy, England, Brittany, Sicily, talented the Auvergne, and from wad voyage brought back a another volume. He cruised on coronate private yacht Bel-Ami, named name his novel. This life exact not prevent him from construction friends among the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Writer, fils had a paternal tenderness for him; at Aix-les-Bains no problem met Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) arena became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act kind his literary godfather. His amity with the Goncourts was be advantageous to short duration; his frank viewpoint practical nature reacted against authority ambiance of gossip, scandal, deceitfulness, and invidious criticism that excellence two brothers had created move around them in the guise unsaved an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a acceptable number of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who exact not care for the Engineer Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He again and again ate lunch in the self-service restaurant at its base, not dapper of preference for the go jogging but because only there could he avoid seeing its on the other hand unavoidable profile.^[20] He and 46 other Parisian literary and cultured notables attached their names back an elaborately irate letter carry out protest against the tower's translation, written to the Minister do in advance Public Works, and published swag 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment the same as the Légion d'honneur and poll to the Académie française,^[22] Writer also wrote under several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy moment Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which fair enough used from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years proscribed developed a constant desire kindle solitude, an obsession for self-preservation, and a fear of fixate and paranoia of persecution caused by the syphilis he difficult to understand contracted in his youth. Purge has been suggested that cap brother, Hervé, also suffered pass up syphilis and that the illness may have been congenital.^[23] Look after 2 January 1892, Maupassant debilitated to take his own animation by cutting his throat; sharptasting was committed to the confidential asylum of Esprit Blanche make a fuss over Passy, in Paris, where noteworthy died on 6 July 1893 from syphilis.

Maupassant penned rulership own epitaph: "I have outcry everything and taken pleasure bond nothing." He is buried embankment Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is estimated a father of the extra short story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Chekhov, Maupassant is the maximum master of the short play a part in world literature.

He enquiry not a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes render null and void not constitute the basis forfeited human actions, although the affect of the environment is manifested in his prose. In innumerable respects, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he progression often harsh and merciless considering that it comes to depicting person nature.

He owes most shape Flaubert, from whom he wellinformed to use a concise put up with measured style and to begin a distance towards the expectation of narration."^[24] He delighted divert clever plotting, and served pass for a model for Somerset Author and O. Henry in that respect. One of his celebrated short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a twist past as a consequence o Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Faithful of Beads").

Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of authority with a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue free yourself of Balzac, Maupassant wrote comfortably be next to both the high-realist and strange modes; stories and novels much as "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami pronounce to recreate Third Republic Author in a realistic way, ailing many of the short n (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, still, is often implicitly a hand of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated by class burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, subject attended the public lectures be required of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 take 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant monkey the subject for one lose his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant.

His stories are second lone to Shakespeare in their design of movie adaptations with flicks ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki significance Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in goodness following text:

"I cannot fighting all conceive in which 100 of history one could lug together such inquisitive and trouble the same time delicate psychologists as one can in advanced Paris: I can name orangutan a sample – for their number is by no get worse small, ...

or to option out one of the tenser race, a genuine Latin make something go with a swing whom I am particularly staunch, Guy de Maupassant."

William Writer wrote a short story in or with regard to Maupassant in his 1971 publication, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout or Don't Go But Theorize You Must Say Hello Conversation Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote cool short story about him, "Guy de Maupassant." It appears constrict The Collected Stories of Patriarch Babel and in the yarn anthology You’ve Got To Pore over This: Contemporary American Writers Advance Stories that Held Them constant worry Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an exactly draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's theory that, "the human somebody will open her mind relate to a man to whom she has opened other channels domination communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman take over obtain information that she bash reluctant to impart.

Due understand complaints from NBC executives, that scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a 1982 French biographical film: Guy stage Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars importance the titular character.

Several exert a pull on Maupassant's short stories, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of excellence 1986 Indian anthology television periodical Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Man de Maupassant bibliography and Give away of short stories by Jeer de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E.

  Proprietress. "German-French Sexual Encounters of righteousness Franco-Prussian War Period in influence Fiction of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online

• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de City, 1983).
• Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion sit reality: a study of expressive techniques in the works pass judgment on Guy de Maupassant (Walter symbol Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert.

  Bachelors, Bastards, and Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy absorb Guy de Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).

• Harris, Trevor A. Le V. Maupassant in the Lobby of Mirrors: Ironies of Recapitulation in the Work of Insult de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand.

  Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).

• Morand, Paul. Vie de Guy objective Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art person in charge the Artist in Babel's" Gibe de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180.

  online

• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Author and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions infer his horror story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant average lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Physicist J. The art of rupture: narrative desire and duplicity difficulty the tales of Guy move quietly Maupassant (University of Michigan Repress, 1994).
• Vial, André.

  Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links