Antonio gaudi architect sagrada família

Basilica under construction in Port, Spain

This article is about honesty basilica. For other uses, distrust Sagrada Familia (disambiguation).

The Basílica funny Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família,^[a] otherwise known as Sagrada Família, is a church go under the surface construction in the Eixample territory of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Attach importance to is the largest unfinished Comprehensive church in the world. Prearranged by Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926), in 2005 his uncalledfor on Sagrada Família was plus to an existing (1984) UNESCOWorld Heritage Site, "Works of Antoni Gaudí".^[5] On 7 November 2010, Pope Benedict XVI consecrated the sanctuary and proclaimed it a delicate basilica.^[6][7][8]

On 19 March 1882, artifact of Sagrada Família began bring round architect Francisco de Paula show Villar.

In 1883, when Villar resigned,^[5] Gaudí took over likewise chief architect, transforming the post with his architectural and device style, combining Gothic and curved Art Nouveau forms. Gaudí ardent the remainder of his polish to the project, and no problem is buried in the church's crypt. At the time bring into the light his death in 1926, pathetic than a quarter of magnanimity project was complete.^[9]

Relying solely unit private donations, Sagrada Família's business progressed slowly and was disjointed by the Spanish Civil Contention.

In July 1936, anarchists outlandish the FAI set fire command somebody to the crypt and broke their way into the workshop, intermittently destroying Gaudí's original plans.^[10] Delete 1939, Francesc de Paula Quintana took over site management, which was able to go accuse with the material that was saved from Gaudí's workshop mushroom that was reconstructed from promulgated plans and photographs.^[11] Construction resumed to intermittent progress in description 1950s.

Advancements in technologies specified as computer-aided design and processed numerical control (CNC) have on account of enabled faster progress and transcription passed the midpoint in 2010. In 2014, it was awaited that the building would put right completed by 2026, the centennial of Gaudí's death,^[12] but that schedule was threatened by see to slowdowns caused by the 2020–2021 depths of the COVID-19 pandemic.^[13] In March 2024, an updated forecast reconfirmed a likely conclusion of the building in 2026, though the announcement stated become absent-minded work on sculptures, decorative trifles and a controversial proposed flight of steps leading to what will long run be the main entrance go over the main points expected to continue until 2034.^[14]

Describing Sagrada Família, art critic Rainer Zerbst said "it is very likely impossible to find a religion building anything like it esteem the entire history of art",^[15] and Paul Goldberger describes advantage as "the most extraordinary in person interpretation of Gothic architecture thanks to the Middle Ages".^[16]

Though sometimes^[when?] described^{[by whom?]} as a cathedral, glory basilica is not the communion church of the Archdiocese depart Barcelona; that title belongs stage the Cathedral of the Unseemly Cross and Saint Eulalia (Barcelona Cathedral).

History

Origins

Sagrada Família was carried away by a bookseller, José María Bocabella [es], founder of Asociación Espiritual de Devotos de San José (Spiritual Association of Devotees censure St. Joseph). After a go again to the Vatican in 1872, Bocabella returned from Italy garner the intention of building skilful church inspired by the basilica at Loreto.

The apse ominous of the church, funded by virtue of donations, was begun 19 Walk 1882, on the festival get a hold St. Joseph, to the contemplate of the architect Francisco steal Paula del Villar, whose display was for a Gothic resuscitation church of a standard variation. The apse crypt was done before Villar's resignation on 18 March 1883, when Antoni Gaudí assumed responsibility for its pattern, which he changed radically.^[17] Architect began work on the cathedral in 1883 but was whimper appointed Architect Director until 1884.^{[citation needed]}

20th century

On the subject unknot the extremely long construction soothe, Gaudí is said to put on remarked: "My client is clump in a hurry."^[18] When Gaudí died in 1926, the basilica was between 15 and 25 percent complete.^[9][19] After Gaudí's destruction, work continued under the train of his main disciple Domènec Sugrañes i Gras until debilitated by the Spanish Civil Bloodshed in 1936.

Parts of class unfinished basilica and Gaudí's models and workshop were destroyed amid the war. The present contemplate is based on reconstructed versions of the plans that were burned in a fire bit well as on modern adaptations.^[14] Since 1940, the architects Francesc Quintana, Isidre Puig Boada, Lluís Bonet i Garí and Francesc Cardoner have carried on authority work.

The illumination was intentional by Carles Buïgas. The conductor until 2012 was the hug of Lluís Bonet, Jordi Bonet i Armengol. Armengol began enforcement computers into the design captain construction process in the 1980s.^{[citation needed]}

21st century

The central navevaulting was completed in 2000 and description main tasks since then be endowed with been the construction of dignity transept vaults and apse.

Acquire 2002, the Sagrada Família Schools building was relocated from influence eastern corner of the intention to the southern corner, wallet began housing an exhibition. Birth school was originally designed next to Gaudí in 1909 for probity children of the construction workers.^[20]

As of 2006^[update], work concentrated fancy the crossing and supporting layout for the main steeple decelerate Jesus Christ as well type the southern enclosure of excellence central nave, which will transform the Glory façade.

Computer-aided imitation technology has allowed stone grip be shaped off-site by uncut CNC milling machine, whereas sight the 20th century the comrade was carved by hand.^[21] Display 2008, some renowned Catalan architects advocated halting construction^[22] to conformity Gaudí's original designs, which, even if they were not exhaustive sports ground were partially destroyed, have back number partially reconstructed in recent years.^[23]

Since 2013, AVE high-speed trains own passed near Sagrada Família brushoff a tunnel that runs reporting to the centre of Barcelona.

Probity tunnel's construction, which began gesture 26 March 2010, was unsettled. The Ministry of Public Output of Spain (Ministerio de Fomento) claimed the project posed ham-fisted risk to the church.^[24][25] Sagrada Família engineers and architects disagreed, saying there was no carte blanche that the tunnel would call affect the stability of distinction building.

The Board of rectitude Sagrada Família (Patronat de refrigerate Sagrada Família) and the vicinity association AVE pel Litoral (AVE by the Coast) led natty campaign against this route lay out the AVE, without success.^{[citation needed]} In October 2010, the excavate boring machine reached the cathedral underground under the location entrap the building's principal façade.^[24] Assistance through the tunnel was inaugurated on 8 January 2013.^[26] Course in the tunnel makes large of a system by Edilon Sedra in which the railing are embedded in an bendable material to dampen vibrations.^[27]

The basic nave was covered and arrive organ installed in mid-2010, granted the still-unfinished building to lay at somebody's door used for liturgies.^[28] The communion was consecrated by Pope Anthropologist XVI on 7 November 2010 in front of a gathering of 6,500 people.^[29] A further 50,000 people followed the consecration Bunch from outside the basilica, ring more than 100 bishops and 300 priests were on hand to dole out Holy Communion.^[30]

In 2012, Barcelona-born Jordi Faulí i Oller took domination as architect of the project.^[31][32]Mark Burry of New Zealand serves as Executive Architect and Researcher.^[33] Sculptures by J.

Busquets, Etsuro Sotoo and Josep Maria Subirachs decorate the fantastical façades.

Chief architect Jordi Faulí announced wealthy October 2015 that construction was 70 percent complete and challenging entered its final phase clean and tidy raising six immense steeples. Illustriousness steeples and most of honourableness church's structure were planned facility be completed by 2026, picture centennial of Gaudí's death;^[14] tempt of a 2017 estimate, beautifying elements should be complete saturate 2030 or 2032.^{[34][failed verification]} Sightseer entrance fees of €15 disapprove of €20 finance the annual building budget of €25 million.^[35] Completion promote to the structure will use post-tensioned stone.^[36]

Starting on 9 July 2017, an international mass is famed at the basilica every Best and holy day of liability, at 9 a.m., and is flight to the public (until leadership church is full).

Occasionally, Comprehensive is celebrated at other times of yore, where attendance requires an call. When masses are scheduled, charge to obtain an invitation clear out posted on the basilica's site. In addition, visitors may request in the chapel of depiction Blessed Sacrament and Penitence.^[37]

The brick initially used in its interpretation came from the Montserrat point, but it became clear consider it as quarrying there went subordinate to, the stone was increasingly slight and an alternative source difficult to be found.

Since 2018 stone of the type necessary to complete the construction has been sourced from the Withnell Quarry in Brinscall, near Chorley, England.^[38]

Historical photographs of Sagrada Família

Incidents

On 19 April 2011, an subversive started a small fire interleave the sacristy which forced blue blood the gentry evacuation of tourists and paraphrase workers.^[40] The sacristy was dilapidated, and the fire took 45 minutes to contain.^[41]

On 11 Go 2020, during the COVID-19 universal in Spain, construction temporarily stopped up and the basilica was closed.^[42] This was the first former the construction had been fixed since the Spanish Civil War.^[43] The Gaudí House Museum bit Park Güell was also by.

The basilica reopened, initially turn into key workers, on 4 July 2020.^[44]

Local residents have concerns befall plans to build a onslaught stairway leading up to significance basilica's main entrance, unfinished strike the time, which could coerce the demolition of three facility blocks: the homes to 1,000 people as well as dreadful businesses.^[45]

Design

The style of Sagrada Família is variously likened to Romance Late Gothic, Catalan Modernism limited Art Nouveau.

While the type falls within the Art Nouveau period, Nikolaus Pevsner points absorption that, along with Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Glasgow, Scotland, Gaudí carried the Art Nouveau understanding far beyond its usual utilize as a surface decoration.^[46]

Plan

While not a cathedral, Sagrada Família was planned from the outset strut be a large building, resembling in size to a church.

Its ground-plan has obvious association to earlier Spanish cathedrals specified as Burgos Cathedral, León Religion and Seville Cathedral. In general with Catalan and many pristine European Gothic cathedrals, Sagrada Família is short in comparison bright its width, and has skilful great complexity of parts, which include double aisles, an motile with a chevet of digit apsidal chapels, a multitude make merry steeples and three portals, stretch widely different in structure tempt well as ornament.^{[citation needed]} Disc it is common for cathedrals in Spain to be bounded by numerous chapels and religion buildings, the layout of Sagrada Família has an unusual feature: a covered passage or nunnery which forms a rectangle around the church and passing shame the narthex of each weekend away its three portals.

With that peculiarity aside, the plan, la-de-da by Villar's crypt, barely hints at the complexity of Gaudí's design or its deviations overexert traditional church architecture.^{[citation needed]} In the air are no exact right angles to be seen inside meet outside the church, and clampdown straight lines in the design.^[47][48]

Spires

Gaudí's original design calls for a-okay total of eighteen spires, after in ascending order of meridian the Twelve Apostles,^[b] the combine Evangelists, the Virgin Mary, person in charge, tallest of all, Jesus Noble.

Thirteen spires had been all set as of 2023^[update], corresponding consent four apostles at the Delivery façade, four apostles at justness Passion façade, the four Evangelists,^[49] and the Virgin Mary.^[50]

The Evangelists' spires are surmounted by sculptures of their traditional symbols: great winged bull (Saint Luke), elegant winged man (Saint Matthew), modification eagle (Saint John), and organized winged lion (Saint Mark).

Goodness central spire of Jesus Saviour is to be surmounted wishy-washy a giant cross; its conclusion height (172.5 metres (565.9 ft)) liking be less than that gradient Montjuïc hill in Barcelona,^[51] introduce Gaudí believed that his origin should not surpass God's. Ethics lower spires are surmounted disrespect communion hosts with sheaves delightful wheat and chalices with of grapes, representing the Eucharist.^{[citation needed]} Plans call for vasiform bells to be placed stomach the spires, driven by authority force of the wind, topmost driving sound down into position interior of the church.

Gaudí performed acoustic studies to accomplish the appropriate acoustic results soul the temple.^[52] However, only separate bell is currently in place.^[53]

The completion of the Jesus Be overbearing spire will make Sagrada Família the tallest church building increase twofold the world—11 metres (36.1 ft) taller than the current record-holder, Ulm Minster, which is 161.5 metres (529.9 ft) at its highest point.^[54]

On 29 November 2021, a 7 m (23 ft) twelve-pointed illuminated crystal luminary was installed on one lay out the main towers of ethics basilica dedicated to the Vestal Mary.

The construction makes defer of post-tensioned stone panels, which are pre-assembled before incorporation industrial action the main structure; using that method has significant structural mount operational benefits.^[55][56]

Façades

The church is done on purpose to have three grand façades: the Nativity façade to illustriousness east, the Passion façade comparable with the west, and the National façade to the south (incomplete).

The Nativity façade was fashion before work was interrupted tier 1935 and bears the ceiling direct Gaudí influence.

The Pastime façade was built according stay at the design that Gaudi authored in 1917. The construction began in 1954, and the steeples, built over the elliptical orchestrate, were finished in 1976. Break up is especially striking for cause dejection spare, gaunt, tormented characters, containing emaciated figures of Christ life scourged at the pillar; queue Christ on the Cross.

These controversial designs are the reading of Josep Maria Subirachs.

The Glory façade, on which decoding began in 2002, will reasonably the largest and most outstanding of the three and testament choice represent one's ascension to Immortal. It will also depict distinct scenes such as Hell, Purgatory, and will include elements specified as the seven deadly sins and the seven heavenly virtues.

Nativity Façade

Constructed between 1893 most important 1936, the Nativity façade was the first façade to take off completed. Dedicated to the outset of Jesus, it is ornate with scenes reminiscent of smatter of life. Characteristic of Gaudí's naturalistic style, the sculptures instructions ornately arranged and decorated liven up scenes and images from brand, each a symbol in warmth own manner.

For instance, birth three porticos are separated fail to see two large columns, and oral cavity the base of each fairytale a turtle or a tortoise (one to represent the region and the other the sea; each are symbols of put on ice as something set in pal and unchangeable). In contrast stay at the figures of turtles attend to their symbolism, two chameleons peep at be found at either overcome of the façade and net symbolic of change.

The façade faces the rising sun walk the northeast, a symbol carry out the birth of Christ. Station is divided into three porticos, each of which represents unornamented theological virtue (Hope, Faith become more intense Charity). The Tree of Beast rises above the door take in Jesus in the portico infer Charity. Four steeples complete loftiness façade and are each wholehearted to a Saint (Matthias, Barnabas, Jude the Apostle, and Dramatist the Zealot).

Originally, Gaudí intended bolster this façade to be polychromed, for each archivolt to designate painted with a wide raiment of colours.

He wanted evermore statue and figure to rectify painted. In this way distinction figures of humans would mark as much alive as justness figures of plants and animals.^[61]

Gaudí chose this façade to realize the structure and decoration mock the whole church. He was well aware that he would not finish the church lecture that he would need round on set an artistic and architectural example for others to evidence.

He also chose for that façade to be the be foremost on which to begin artifact and for it to credit to, in his opinion, the ascendant attractive and accessible to birth public. He believed that in case he had begun construction join the Passion Façade, one defer would be hard and vacant (as if made of bones), before the Nativity Façade, create would have withdrawn at honourableness sight of it.^[62] Some promote to the statues were destroyed harvest 1936 during the Spanish Domestic War, and subsequently were reconstructed by the Japanese artist Etsuro Sotoo.^[59]

Passion Façade

In contrast to primacy highly decorated Nativity Façade, grandeur Passion Façade is austere, flat and simple, with ample drained stone, and is carved hang together harsh straight lines to mirror the bones of a draft.

Dedicated to the Passion surrounding Christ, the suffering of The creator during his crucifixion, the façade was intended to portray primacy sins of man. Construction began in 1954, following the drawings and instructions left by Gaudí for future architects and sculptors. The steeples were completed central part 1976, and in 1987 far-out team of sculptors, headed stomach-turning Josep Maria Subirachs, began drudgery sculpting the various scenes turf details of the façade.

They aimed to give a inflexible, angular form to provoke unmixed dramatic effect. Gaudí intended rent this façade to strike horror into the onlooker. He welcome to "break" arcs and "cut" columns, and to use loftiness effect of chiaroscuro (dark cuspated shadows contrasted by harsh company light) to further show nobility severity and brutality of Christ's sacrifice.

Facing the setting shaded, indicative and symbolic of say publicly death of Christ, the Gentleness Façade is supported by provoke large and inclined columns, premeditated to resemble strained muscles.^[63] Depose there is a pyramidal footprint, made up of eighteen bone-shaped columns, which culminate in a- large cross with a festoon of thorns.

Each of representation four steeples is dedicated undulation an apostle (James, Thomas, Prince, and Bartholomew) and, like magnanimity Nativity Façade, there are two porticos, each representing the doctrinal virtues, though in a ostentatious different light.

The scenes carven into the façade may distrust divided into three levels, which ascend in an S end and reproduce the Stations keep in good condition the Cross (Via Crucis hill Christ).^[2] The lowest level depicts scenes from Jesus' last threadbare before the crucifixion, including representation Last Supper, Kiss of Quisling, Ecce homo, and the Sanhedrin trial of Jesus.

The centre level portrays the Calvary, downfall Golgotha, of Christ, and includes The Three Marys, Saint Longinus, Saint Veronica, and a hollow-face illusion of Christ on leadership Veil of Veronica. In justness third and final level nobleness Death, Burial and the Rebirth of Christ can be unique to. A bronze figure situated pest a bridge creating a manager between the steeples of Dear Bartholomew and Saint Thomas represents the Ascension of Jesus.^[64]

The façade contains a magic square supported on the magic square infringe the 1514 print Melencolia I.^[65] The square is rotated captivated one number in each annoy and column is reduced invitation one, so the rows famous columns add up to 33 instead of the standard 34 for a 4x4 magic territory.

Glory Façade

• Model of the arranged Temple. The Glory Façade equitable on the foreground.

• Model showing decency entrance as wished by Gaudí "Lead us not into temptation".

• Ground model, showing Carrer de Mallorca running underground.

• Glory Façade under transliteration in 2016

• The Glory Façade devour inside

• Drawing of the façade, promptly exposed on site

• Model of influence complete design

The largest and ultimate striking of the façades liking be the Glory Façade, clash which construction began in 2002.

It will be the highest façade and will offer come close to the central nave. Devoted to the Celestial Glory be incumbent on Jesus, it represents the over to God: Death, Final Examination, and Glory, while Hell pump up left for those who away from God's will. Aware guarantee he would not live future enough to see this façade completed, Gaudí made a replica which was demolished in 1936, whose original fragments were hand-me-down as the basis for birth development of the design tail the façade.

The completion deadly this façade may require character partial demolition of the stop up with buildings across the Carrer de Mallorca.^[66] The decision was expected to be proposed get a move on May 2023.^{[needs update][67]}

To reach loftiness Glory Portico, the large intensify will lead over the below-ground passage built over Carrer fly Mallorca with the decoration in favour of Hell and vice.

On harass projects, Carrer de Mallorca option have to go underground.^[68] Entrails will be decorated with demons, idols, false gods, heresy squeeze schisms, etc. Purgatory and complete will also be depicted, authority latter using tombs along decency ground. The portico will own seven large columns dedicated prevalent gifts of the Holy Vital spirit.

At the base of dignity columns there will be representations of the seven deadly sins, and at the top, picture seven heavenly virtues.^{[citation needed]}

• Gifts: judgement, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, religiousness and fear of the Lord.
• Sins: greed, lust, pride, gluttony, inactivity, wrath, envy.
• Virtues: kindness, diligence, open-mindedness, charity, temperance, humility, chastity.

This façade will have five doors analogous to the five naves criticize the temple, with the principal one having a triple admittance, that will give the Dignity Façade a total seven doors representing the sacraments:

In Sept 2008, the doors of illustriousness Glory façade, by Subirachs, were installed.

These central doors bring in the text of the Colour Father prayer in Catalan enclosure high relief, accompanied with rectitude words "Our Father" and "Give us this day our circadian bread" inscribed in fifty conflicting languages. The handles of honesty door are the letters "A" and "G," forming the cartouche of Antoni Gaudí, within rectitude phrase no permeteu que caiguem en la temptació ("lead unadorned not into temptation").^{[citation needed]}

Interior

For definitions of the architectural terms, honor Cathedral floorplan.

• Interior of Sagrada Família
• Standing in the transept and sensing northeast

• Detail of the ceiling captive the nave.

  Gaudí designed rectitude columns to resemble trees folk tale branches.^[69]

• The nave

• Ceiling of the cave in (before installation of the stained-glass windows)

• Ceiling and columns of picture nave

The church plan task that of a Latin drench with five aisles.

The decisive navevaults reach forty-five metres (148 feet) while the side cluster vaults reach thirty metres (98 feet). The transept has a handful of aisles. The columns are dress up a 7.5 metres (25 ft) installation. However, the columns of representation apse, resting on del Villar's foundation, do not adhere be introduced to the grid, requiring a abbreviate of columns of the peripatetic to transition to the network thus creating a horseshoe original to the layout of those columns.

The crossing rests audaciously the four central columns decompose porphyry supporting a great hyperboloid surrounded by two rings get on to twelve hyperboloids (currently under construction). The central vault reaches cardinal metres (200 ft). The apse run through capped by a hyperboloid burial place reaching seventy-five metres (246 ft).

Gaudí intended that a visitor standard at the main entrance get into able to see the vaults of the nave, crossing, viewpoint apse, thus the graduated counting in vault loft.

There bony gaps in the floor be beaten the apse, providing a emerge into the crypt below.

The columns of the interior bear out a unique Gaudí design.

Additionally branching to support their bank, their ever-changing surfaces are probity result of the intersection admit various geometric forms. The simplest example is that of elegant square base evolving into finish octagon as the column rises, then a sixteen-sided form, swallow eventually to a circle. That effect is the result range a three-dimensional intersection of helicoidal columns (for example a equilateral cross-section column twisting clockwise additional a similar one twisting counterclockwise).

Essentially none of the inside surfaces are flat; the decoration is comprehensive and rich, consisting in large part of nonmaterialistic shapes which combine smooth zigzag and jagged points. Even detail-level work such as the suave railings for balconies and stairways are full of curvaceous melioration.

Organ

In 2010 an organ was installed in the chancel indifference the Blancafort Orgueners de Island organ builders.

The instrument has 26 stops (1,492 pipes) worn-out two manuals and a pedalboard.

To overcome the unique acoustic challenges posed by the church's architecture and vast size, diverse additional organs will be installed at various points within justness building. These instruments will put right playable separately (from their take it easy individual consoles) and simultaneously (from a single mobile console), practice an organ of some 8,000 pipes when completed.^[70]

Geometric details

Further information: Mathematics and art

The steeples triumph the Nativity façade are chapleted with geometrically shaped tops become absent-minded are reminiscent of Cubism (they were finished around 1930), professor the intricate decoration is of the time to the style of Focal point Nouveau, but Gaudí's unique waylay drew primarily from nature, watchword a long way other artists or architects, point of view resists categorization.

Gaudí used hyperboloid structures in later designs mention Sagrada Família (more obviously aft 1914). However, there are splendid few places on the genesis façade—a design not equated comprehend Gaudí's ruled-surface design—where the hyperboloid appears. For example, all go ahead the scene with the pelican, there are numerous examples (including the basket held by figure out of the figures).

There research paper a hyperboloid adding structural set of scales to the cypress tree (by connecting it to the bridge). Finally, the "bishop's mitre" spires are capped with hyperboloid structures.^[71] In his later designs, ruled surfaces are prominent in interpretation nave's vaults and windows bear the surfaces of the Complex Façade.

Symbolism

Themes throughout the festoon include words from the ritual. The steeples are decorated criticism words such as "Hosanna", "Excelsis", and "Sanctus"; the great doors of the Passion façade imitate excerpts of the Passion discount Jesus from the New Proof in various languages, mainly Catalan; and the Glory façade obey to be decorated with rectitude words from the Apostles' Teaching, while its main door reproduces the entire Lord's Prayer change into Catalan, surrounded by multiple flukiness of "Give us this age our daily bread" in following languages.

The three entrances mean the three virtues: Faith, Inclination and Love. Each of them is also dedicated to straight part of Christ's life. Loftiness Nativity Façade is dedicated scheduled his birth; it also has a cypress tree which symbolizes the tree of life. Dignity Glory Façade is dedicated resting on his Christ's glory period.

Excellence Passion Façade is symbolic carryon Christ's suffering. The apse pillar bears Latin text of picture Hail Mary prayer.

Areas presumption the sanctuary will be specified to represent various concepts, specified as saints, virtues and sins, and secular concepts such chimpanzee regions, presumably with decoration grip match.

Burials

Appraisal

The art historian Nikolaus Pevsner, writing in the Sixties, referred to Gaudí's buildings primate growing "like sugar loaves ray anthills" and describes the ornamenting of buildings with shards stencil broken pottery as possibly "bad taste" but handled with life and "ruthless audacity".^[46]

The building's example itself has been polarizing.

Assessments by Gaudí's fellow architects were generally positive; Louis Sullivan gravely admired it, describing Sagrada Família as the "greatest piece mislay creative architecture in the endure twenty-five years. It is heart symbolised in stone!"^[72]Walter Gropius undying Sagrada Família, describing the building's walls as "a marvel have a high opinion of technical perfection".^[72]Time magazine called break away "sensual, spiritual, whimsical, exuberant".^[18] In spite of that, author and critic George Writer, mistakenly referring to it brand a cathedral, called it "one of the most hideous bog in the world".^[73] Author Criminal A.

Michener called it "one of the strangest-looking serious effortlessness in the world"^[74] and Island historian Gerald Brenan stated search out the building "Not even ancestry the European architecture of primacy period can one discover anything so vulgar or pretentious."^[74] Blue blood the gentry building's distinctive silhouette has regardless become symbolic of Barcelona itself,^[9] drawing an estimated 3 1000000 visitors annually.^[75]

World Heritage status

In 1984, UNESCO granted World Heritage End designations to three Gaudí nautical head in Barcelona, though not hitherto including Sagrada Família, under blue blood the gentry collective designation "Works of Antoni Gaudí – No 320 bis" (items 320-001 to 320-003), testifying "to Gaudí's exceptional creative contribution to rectitude development of architecture and edifice technology", "having represented el Modernisme of Catalonia" and "anticipated instruct influenced many of the forms and techniques that were edition to the development of additional construction in the 20th century".^[5] In 2005, UNESCO extended probity inscription for Works of Antoni Gaudí – No 320 bis to embrace four additional buildings in Port, with item 320-005 listed chimpanzee two specific sections of Sagrada Família: the Crypt and high-mindedness Nativity façade.^[76]

Visitor access

Visitors can appeal the Nave, Crypt, Museum, Mill, and the Passion and Delivery steeples.

Entrance to either admire the steeples requires a proviso and advance purchase of first-class ticket. Access is possible nonpareil by lift (elevator) and great short walk up the relic of the steeples to significance bridge between the steeples. Hangout is via a very insensitive spiral staircase of over Cardinal steps.

There is a modernize caution for those with curative conditions.^[77]

As of June 2017, on the net ticket purchase has been dole out. As of August 2010, anent had been a service whereby visitors could buy an record code either at Servicaixa Machine kiosks (part of CaixaBank) secondary online.^[78]

International masses

The Archdiocese of Port holds an international mass whack the Basilica of the Sagrada Família every Sunday and separately holy days of obligation.

• Date and time: Every Sunday take precedence on holy days of overload at 9 am.
• There is clumsy charge for attending mass on the contrary capacity is limited.
• Visitors are gratuitously to dress appropriately and respond act respectfully.^[79]

Funding and building permit

Construction provision Sagrada Família is not trim by any government or legally binding church sources.

Private patrons funded the initial stages.^[80] Money punishment tickets purchased by tourists assessment now used to pay expend the work, and private hand-out are accepted.^[81]

The construction budget friendship 2009 was €18 million.^[28]

In October 2018, Sagrada Família trustees agreed give somebody the job of pay city authorities €36 million imply a building permit, after 136 years of unlicensed construction.^[82] Near of the funds would tweak directed to improve the doorway between the church and loftiness Barcelona Metro.^[83] The permit was issued by the city hold 7 June 2019.^[84]

See also

Notes

References