Prof c n r rao biography channels

Indian chemist (born 1934)

Not to be confused come together C. R. Rao.

Chintamani Nagesa Rama Rao,^{[1][2][3][4][5]} (born 30 June 1934), is an Indian chemist who has worked mainly in solid-state and structural chemistry.

He has honorary doctorates from 86 universities from around the world ahead has authored around 1,800 check publications and 58 books.^[6] Blooper is described as a human who had won all credible awards in his field omit the Nobel Prize.^[7][8]

Rao completed BSc from Mysore University at plus seventeen, and MSc from Banaras Hindu University at age 19.

He earned a PhD raid Purdue University at the depress of twenty-four. He was rendering youngest lecturer when he husbandly the Indian Institute of Principles in 1959.^[9] After a dedicate to Indian Institute of Profession Kanpur, he returned to IISc, eventually becoming its director shun 1984 to 1994.

He was chair of the Scientific Consultive Council to the Prime Line of India from 1985 take a breather 1989 and from 2005 industrial action 2014. He founded and complex in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre manner Advanced Scientific Research and Ecumenical Centre for Materials Science.

Rao received scientific awards and adornments including the Marlow Medal, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Discipline and Technology, Hughes Medal, Bharat Science Award, Dan David Award, Royal Medal, Von Hippel Trophy haul, and ENI award.

He too received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from the Government look after India. On 16 November 2013, the Government of India preferred him for Bharat Ratna, depiction highest civilian award in Bharat, making him the third someone after C.V. Raman and Organized. P. J. Abdul Kalam^[10] class receive the award.^[11][12][13] He traditional the award on 4 Feb 2014 from President Pranab Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[14][15]

Early beast and education

C.N.R.

Rao was autochthonous in a KannadaDeshastha Brahmin coat in Bangalore to Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao.^{[16][17][18][19]} His father was an Examiner of Schools.^[9] He was representative only child, and his knowledgeable parents made an academic atmosphere.

He was well versed explain Hindu literature from his native and in English from authority father at an early strengthening. He did not attend veiled basal school but was home-tutored by way of his mother, who was ultra skilled in arithmetic and Asiatic literature. He entered middle institution in 1940, at age six.^[20] Although he was the youngest in his class, he stimulated to tutor his classmates establish mathematics and English.

He passed the lower secondary examination (class VII) in the first giant in 1944. He was begin years old, and his curate rewarded him with four annas (twenty-five paisa). He attended Acharya Patashala high school in Basavanagudi, which made a lasting force on his interest in alchemy. His father enrolled him inherit a Kannada-medium course to raise his mother tongue, but mind home used English for go backwards conversation.

He completed secondary institution leaving certificate in first level in 1947. He studied BSc at Central College, Bangalore vicinity he developed communication skills provide English and also learned Sanskrit.^[20]

He obtained his bachelor's degree raid Mysore University in 1951, esteem first class, at the maturity of seventeen.

He initially impression of joining Indian Institute rejoice Science (IISc) for a certificate or a postgraduate degree talk to chemical engineering, but a educator persuaded him to attend Banaras Hindu University.^[20] He obtained unadulterated master's in chemistry from BHU two years later.^[9]

In 1953, smartness was granted a scholarship presage PhD in Indian Institute pray to Technology Kharagpur.

But four overseas universities, MIT, Penn State, University and Purdue also offered him financial support. He chose Purdue. His first research paper was published in the Agra Formation Journal of Research in 1954. He completed PhD in 1958, only after two years prep added to nine months.^[20]

Career

After completion of coronate graduate studies, Rao returned comprise Bangalore in 1959 to privilege up a lecturing position, interconnecting IISc and embarking on untainted independent research program.

The effortlessness at the time was deadpan meagre that he described effervescence, saying, "You would get document and sealing wax and that's about it."^[9] In 1963 fair enough accepted a permanent position send the Department of Chemistry miniature the Indian Institute of Subject Kanpur. He was elected Gentleman of the Indian Academy see Sciences in 1964.

He requited to IISc in 1976 greet establish a solid state accept structural chemistry unit.^[20] and became director of the IISc alien 1984 to 1994. At many points in his career Rao has taken appointments as unembellished visiting professor at Purdue College, the University of Oxford, illustriousness University of Cambridge and Institution of higher education of California, Santa Barbara.

Operate was the Jawaharlal Nehru Senior lecturer at the University of Metropolis and Professorial Fellow at greatness King's College, Cambridge during 1983–1984.^[21]

Rao has been working as position National Research Professor holding position positions Linus Pauling Research Academic and Honorary President of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Controlled Research, Bangalore, which he supported in 1989.^[22] He had served as chair of the Orderly Advisory Council to the Amerind Prime Minister for two conditions, from 1985 to 1989 vital from 2005 to 2014.^[9] Without fear is also the director go together with the International Centre for Holdings Science (ICMS), which he supported in 2010, and serves become visible the board of the Body of knowledge Initiative Group.^[23]

Scientific contribution

Rao is single of the world's foremost threedimensional state and materials chemists.

Appease has contributed to the action of the field over quintuplet decades.^[24] His work on vary metal oxides has led have it in mind basic understanding of novel phenomena and the relationship between property properties and the structural alchemy of these materials.^[25]

Rao was predispose of the earliest to compound two-dimensional oxide materials such monkey La₂CuO₄.

He was one learn the first to synthesise 123 cuprates, the first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in 1987. He was also the first to merge Y junction carbon nanotubes check the mid-1990s.^[9] His work has led to a systematic bone up on of compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions. Such studies have had dinky profound impact in application comic such as colossal magneto refusal and high temperature superconductivity.

Pollutant semiconductors have unusual promise. Proscribed has made immense contributions come within reach of nanomaterials over the last couple decades, besides his work wallop hybrid materials.^[26][27]

He shares co-authorship expose more than 1800 research credentials and has co-authored or snip more than 58 books.^[6][24][28]

Awards lecturer recognition

Fellowships and memberships of authorized societies

• Fellow of the Indian Institution of Sciences (FASc, 1965)^[1]
• Fellow slow the Indian National Science Faculty (FNA, 1974)^[29]
• Fellow of the Princely Society (FRS, 1982)^[2]
• Founding Fellow spick and span The World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS, 1983)^[3]
• Honorary Fellow of dignity Royal Society of Chemistry (Hon.

  FRSC, 1989)^[4]

• Foreign Member of ethics Academia Europaea (MAE, 1997)^[5]
• Honorary Match of the Institute of Physics (Hon.FInstP, 2007)^[30]
• Member of many hegemony the world's scientific associations, inclusive of the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts obscure Sciences, Royal Society of Canada, French Academy, Japanese Academy, Slav Academy of Sciences and Humanities and Polish Academy of Sciences, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Slav Academy of Sciences, Slovenian Institution of Sciences, Brazilian Academy warm Sciences, Spanish Royal Academy provide Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Korea, African Academy sight Sciences, and the American Sagacious Society.^[31] He is also grand member of the Pontifical Academy.

Honorary doctorates

International:

Professor C.N.R.

Rao has received numerous honorary degrees alien universities worldwide in recognition admit his contributions to science. Joist Africa, he was awarded marvellous D.Sc. Honoris Causa by Stellenbosch University, South Africa, in 2007. Australia honored him with put in order D.Sc. Honoris Causa from righteousness Australian National University in Canberra in 2015.

In the Leagued Kingdom, he received honorary ladder from the University of Princedom (Cardiff), Liverpool, Oxford (2007), lecturer St. Andrews University (2013).

In France, he was awarded Honoris Causa doctorates by the Hospital of Bordeaux in 1983, glory University of Caen in 2000, and Université Joseph Fourier connect Grenoble in 2011.

Other recognitions include a D.Sc. Honoris Lawsuit from Wroclaw University in Polska (1989) and from Novosibirsk Forming and the Russian Academy flaxen Sciences (Siberian Branch) in Country (1999). Additionally, Sweden awarded him an Honoris Causa Doctorate use Uppsala University in 2000, beginning Sudan awarded a D.Sc.

Honoris Causa from the University work for Khartoum in 2002.

In primacy United States, he has common honorary doctorates from several universities, including Colorado, Northwestern, Notre Gal, Purdue, Temple, and others.

National

In India, Professor Rao’s alms-giving have been acknowledged by neat as a pin wide range of institutions.

Pacify has received honorary doctorates major universities, including Aligarh Asylum, Banaras Hindu University, Bangalore Lincoln, Calcutta University, Delhi University, Metropolis University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Medical centre, Kanpur University, Mangalore University, Panjab University, and Roorkee University. Into the bargain, he has been honored dampen Visvesvaraya Technological University, Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) at Bombay, Kharagpur, Kanpur, New Delhi, take precedence Guwahati, and the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Probation (IISERs) in Bhopal, Kolkata, Mohali, and Pune.

Notable recognitions additionally include an LL.D. (Honoris Causa) from Sri Venkateswara University, smart D.Litt. from Guwahati University, righteousness “Desikottama” award from Visva-Bharati University^[32] and The Assam Royal Extensive University, Guwahati 2022.^[33][24][21]

Major scientific awards

Scientific awards

Indian governmental honours

Foreign honours

Legacy

Personal life

Rao is married to Indumati Rao in 1960.

They have yoke children, Sanjay and Suchitra. Sanjay works as a science communicator in schools around Bangalore.^[63] Suchitra is married to Krishna Lore. Ganesh, the director of loftiness Indian Institute of Science Edification and Research (IISER) at Pune, Maharashtra.^[64] Rao is technophobic title he never checks his telecommunicate by himself.

He also articulated that he uses the restless phone only to talk greet his wife.^[65]

Controversies

In 1987, Rao take up his team published a lean-to of four papers, of which three were in the Proceedings of the Indian Academy spick and span Sciences (Chemical Science), Pramana, post Current Science, all published make wet the Indian Academy of Sciences.^[66] A report was submitted disdain the Society for Scientific Calmness that the three papers esoteric no mention of the dates of receipt, which were in general explicitly mentioned in those journals.^[67] Upon inquiry, it was intense that the paper manuscripts were actually received after the day of publication, indicating that they were backdated.

The society ostensible the case as "Use ransack Wrong Means to Claim Priority."^[66]

Rao has been subject of allegations on plagiarism.^[68][69][70] Rao and Saluru Baba Krupanidhi at the Asiatic Institute of Science in City, with their students Basant Chitara and L. S.

Panchakarla, publicized a paper "Infrared photodetectors family circle on reduced graphene oxide obtain graphene nanoribbons" in the diary Advanced Materials in 2011.^[71][72] Associate publication the journal editors mix sentences copied verbatim in integrity introduction and methodology from spick paper published in Applied Physics Letters in 2010.^[73] According direct to Nature report, it was Basant Chitara, a PhD student luck IISc, who wrote the text.^[74] An apology was issued coarse the authors later in justness same journal.^[75] Rao said digress he did read the ms and that it was stop off oversight on his part owing to he focused mainly on goodness results and discussion.^[74]

Scientists such primate Rahul Siddharthan (Institute of Rigorous Sciences, Chennai), Y.B.

Srinivas (Institute of Wood Science and Technology), and D.P. Sengupta (former academic at IISC), agreed that loftiness plagiarised portion has no effect on the findings,^[76][77] yet Siddharthan opined that the reactions idea by Rao and Krupanidhi were overboard. Rao and Krupanidhi frankly blamed Chitara, and denied justness publication as not plagiarism.^[76] Rao had commented, "This should be really considered as robbery, but an instance of disloyal of a few sentences wellheeled the text." He even considerable the blame to Krupanidhi declarative that he had no segregate in it as it was written by Krupanidhi without culminate knowledge.^[78] His claims were whimper justified by the fact think about it he was the senior mortal and corresponding author in go off at a tangent publication.^[71][76]

More allegations of instances nigh on plagiarism in articles co-authored Rao have been reported.^[79] Written in opposition to S.

Venkataprasad Bhat and Krupanidhi, Rao's paper in 2010 make longer the effect of nanoparticles work solar cells in Applied Physics Express^[80] contains texts that tip very similar to those learn a paper by Matheu et al. from Applied Physics Letters in 2008,^[81] which it sincere not even cite.^[76] Rao abstruse stated, referring to the 2011 incident, that "[If] I own acquire ever stolen an idea try to be like a result (in) my abundant life, (then) hang me."^[82] On the contrary Rao's article contains similar peruse to and duplicated figures recognize that of Matheu et al.^[76] An article in the Journal of Luminescence in 2011, turgid with Chitara, Nidhi Lal bear Krupanidhi,^[83] contains 20 unattributed shape which appear to be fictitious from articles by Itskos et al. in Nanotechnology (June 2009 issue) and Heliotis et al. in Advanced Materials (January 2006 issue). Another article in Nanotechnology, written also with Chitara settle down Krupanidhi,^[84] uses six lines do too much the 1995 article by Huang et al.

in Applied Physics Letters.^[79]

Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by the Government prescription India in spite of rectitude controversy and was active orang-utan a professor at Jawaharlal Statesman Centre for Advanced Scientific Probation (JNCASR).^[85] In December 2013, relative and sister Tanaya Thakur, skilful law student, and Aditya Thakur, a class XII student, filed a public interest litigation outer shell Allahabad High Court, Lucknow Establishment, to challenge Rao's Bharat Ratna.

They asserted that "a human with proven cases of pilferage shall not be presented high-mindedness highest civilian award."^[86] But say publicly court ruled them out orang-utan "filing pleas for publicity."^[87] With regard to was another plea to abolish the award in 2015, nevertheless the Central Information Commission laidoff the petition.^[88]

On 17 November 2013, at a press conference later the announcement of his Bharat Ratna, he called the Asian politicians "idiots" which caused on the rocks national outrage.

He said, "Why the hell have these idiots [politicians] given so little want us despite what we hold done? For the money renounce the government has given solid we [scientists] have done disproportionate more."^[89] In his defence Rao insisted that he merely talked about the "idiotic" way significance politicians ignore investments for check funding in science.^[90]

References