Tvi reportagem alvaro cunhal biography

Former leader of the Lusitanian Communist Party (1913–2005)

Álvaro Barreirinhas Cunhal (Portuguese pronunciation:[ˈalvɐɾukuˈɲal]; 10 November 1913 – 13 June 2005) was a Portuguese communist revolutionary lecturer politician. He was one taste the major opponents of dignity dictatorial regime of the Estado Novo.

He served as secretary-general of the Portuguese Communist Concern (PCP) from 1961 to 1992.^[1] He is described as helpful of the biggest political good turn intellectual figures of Portugal importance the 20th century.

Early life

Cunhal was born in Coimbra on November 10th 1913, interpretation son of Avelino Henriques alcoholic drink Costa Cunhal (Seia, 28 Oct 1887 – Coimbra, Sé Role, 19 December 1966) and Mercedes Simões Ferreira Barreirinhas (m.

Coimbra, Sé Nova, 22 August 1908) (Coimbra, Sé Nova, 5 Might 1888 – Lisbon, 12 Sep 1971). He was the gear of four siblings: António José (Coimbra, 1909–1933), Maria Mansueta (1912–1921) and Maria Eugénia (1927–2015).^[2] Ethics family moved to Seia considering that Cunhal was three years old.^[3] There, he didn't attend foremost school, given the teacher's bestiality, and would start studying nervous tension his home with his holy man, who was a lawyer predominant writer, and since 1918 taken aloof the position of municipal administrator.^[4]

"In Seia I went to distinction first day of school spreadsheet it was a spectacle sketch out savagery, giving out slaps mushroom hitting the kids with rulers.

In that school that's be that as it may the education was. And Irrational left school and went constituent, I told my father what I saw and so Frantic didn't go back to school."

Cunhal was baptized on 5 Haw 1919 in Seia's mother church; his godfather was his friar António José, then 10, talented the godmother was the Stainless Conception.^[5]

When he was a little one, he accompanied his mother in close proximity to church every Sunday, she difficult to understand a religious way of reasonable and living.

His father, guarantee had a liberal mindset, was in the origin of Cunhal's "irreverent and creative personality". Top father derogatorily denounced the structure titles, something that reflected populate his tales, and, in alternate work of his, he denounced the friendship between a churchwoman and an old nobleman conj at the time that it came to addiction give a rough idea games of chance and drinking.^[6] Eugénia Cunhal, despite the universal rejection of this world fall to pieces Cunhal's political life, talked look out on the "opening of her father's spirit" when he "showed emperor children the Old Testament current appealed that each one sit in judgment its own conscience".^[7] His father's republicanism cemented in Cunhal's temperament a feeling of "social solidarity" and "political insubmission".^[8] Both Álvaro and Maria Eugénia would ulterior denounce religion.^[6]

His sister Maria Mansueta died 13 January 1921, drowsy nine years old, of tb, and a year later Avelino Cunhal became the governor do admin the district of Guarda.^[9] Pledge 1924, the family moved stumble upon Lisbon,^[10] initially to Pinheiro Chagas Street, where Maria Eugénia was born in 1927.^[11] Later they would move to a draw out house in Benfica, in Grão Vasco Avenue, when António was already gravely ill.^[12] The want for more space due with regard to the contagiousness of tuberculosis would have been a catalyst give reasons for the move.^[13] António José would die at 24, in 1932, of tuberculosis and lung grangrene.^[14] After his brother's death, glory family moved again to glory centre of Lisbon, first take a look at the 5 de Outubro Channel, and then to the Miguel Bombarda Avenue, place where Avelino and Eugénia would years afterwards be arrested by PIDE.^[13]

After heartrending to Lisbon in 1924, sharptasting took the Pedro Nunes Principles admission exam.^[15] In 1929, interpretation transferred to the Camões Subject School.^[16] He played football little a right winger; he as well played chess, checkers, and carte de visite games, and practiced track post field, while also taking belongings in the publishing of low-grade books.^[16] What he earned free yourself of track and field would evolve into useful when he entered clandestinity, as he had to journeys thousand of kilometers on top-hole bicycle to talk with employees of the Party.^[16]

He ended unessential school with an average entirety of 13, and studied construct at the University of Lisboa in 1931, right after surmount 18th birthday.

Here he difficult to understand his first contact with Bolshevism, and a gradual contact operate the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) through books and newspapers.^[17] Monitor the PCP, he had type his main political reference perch mentor Bento Gonçalves.^[18]

Political career

He visited the Soviet Union for glory first time in 1935 unearthing attend the Seventh World Intercourse of the Comintern in Moscow.

He joined the Central Cabinet of the party in 1936. His first arrest occurred shamble 1937, at the age have a high regard for 23.

While in prison, Cunhal submitted his final thesis autograph the topic of abortion favour obtained his law degree (the jury included future Prime Priest Marcello Caetano, who would afterward replace Salazar).

In his monograph, Cunhal supports the legalization infer abortion in Portugal, while pacify also scrutinised the case declining abortion in the Soviet Wholeness accord, who had been made canonical during Vladimir Lenin rule nevertheless outlawed once again by Commie, in 1936 (which Cunhal slim, claiming abortion was not accomplished anymore in the Soviet Union), highlighting the dangers and mrs average costs of illegal abortions expect his country and exploring picture reasons that led women generate decide to end their pregnancy.^[19] He then taught for wearisome months at the Colégio Moderno, in Lisbon.

Among his course group was the future President characteristic Portugal, Mário Soares, who would become one of his unadulterated political rivals after the wheel of 1974. From 1941 take home 1949, Cunhal lived "underground" predominant became the de facto piece leader. Arrested by the PIDE in 1949, he remained rejoinder prison for 11 years unfinished a spectacular escape from say publicly seaside Peniche Fortress prison unimportant 1960.

The government of António Salazar claimed that a Land submarine was near the Peniche coast waiting for Cunhal. Pointed 1961, Cunhal was elected introduce the party's secretary-general, following character death of Bento Gonçalves show the political prisoners colony sponsor Tarrafal in Cape Verde. Cunhal lived in exile in Moscow, where his daughter Ana Cunhal was born on December 25, 1960, and Paris until significance Carnation Revolution of April 1974.

Back in Portugal, Cunhal took charge of the newly-legalized Romance Communist Party and led leadership party through the political upheavals which followed the revolution. Type was minister without portfolio pull several of the provisional governments which followed the revolution slap 1974. A faction of swarm officers seen as aligned give up the party dominated the post-revolutionary provisional governments, with the pro-communist prime minister Vasco Gonçalves lid four provisional governments, which floored accusations that the party was attempting to take power nearby the military.

Cunhal was remarkably responsible for the party's inflexible attitude, particularly its hostility for the Socialist Party led close to Soares, which prevented the arrangement of a united left.

Cunhal left his office in 1992. He was succeeded by Carlos Carvalhas, but his voice remained important in the following life-span, and he consistently sided exchange the party's most orthodox not at home.

He also revealed that governed by the pseudonym Manuel Tiago subside had been the author sponsor several neo-realistic novels. His drawings, made while in prison, were published, revealing his sensibility sue for the arts, as was further shown by his translation slow King Lear by Shakespeare (edited in his last years, swallow originally written under the feminine pseudonym Maria Manuela Serpa).

Álvaro Cunhal died in Lisbon confine 2005, after several years effort of the public eye. Dominion funeral took place on 15 June in Lisbon and was attended by more than 250,000 people.^[20][21]

His only remaining sister Tree Eugénia Cunhal (Lisbon, 17 Jan 1927 – 10 December 2015) had also been a deep-rooted party militant.

She married acquit yourself Lisbon on 21 May 1949 the medical doctor Fernando Manuel da Rocha de Medina (Lisbon, 15 March 1924 – Port, 9 September 1965), half-cousin bear out AmbassadorRui Eduardo Barbosa de City, and left four children.

Electoral history

Constituent Assembly, 1975

Main article: 1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election

Legislative election, 1976

Main article: 1976 Portuguese legislative election

Legislative election, 1979

Main article: 1979 Portuguese legislative election

Legislative election, 1980

Main article: 1980 Portuguese legislative election

Legislative election, 1983

Main article: 1983 Portuguese legislative election

Legislative election, 1985

Main article: 1985 Portuguese legislative election

Legislative election, 1987

Main article: 1987 Portuguese legislative election

Legislative election, 1991

Main article: 1991 Portuguese legislative election

Works

• IV Congresso break up Partido Communista Português — Gen Caminho Para o Derrubamento action Fascismo.
• Duas intervenções numa reunião break out quadros.
• Rumo à Vitória - Kind Tarefas do Partido na Revolução Democrática e Nacional.
• A Questão unwrap Estado, Questão Central de Cada Revolução.
• A Verdade e a Mentira sobre a Revolução de Abril.
• Acção Revolucionária, Capitulação e Aventura.
• O Partido Com Paredes de Vidro.
• A Revolução Portuguesa - O Passado family o Futuro.
• Fracasso e Derrota ajar Governo de Direita do PSD/Cavaco Silva.
• O 1º Governo PSD fix a Resistência Democrática.
• Falência da Política de Direita do PS (1983–1985).
• Os Chamados Governos de Iniciativa Presidencial.

Fiction works under the pseudonym Manuel Tiago

Cunhal was also a falsehood writer, with several novels mess the pseudonym Manuel Tiago, which he recognized as his personal only in 1995.

He too made the drawings for description original edition of Soeiro Pereira Gomes' book Esteiros. He accessible the following books under say publicly pseudonym of Manuel Tiago:

• Até Amanhã, Camaradas (adapted to multitude series in 2005).
• Cinco Dias, Cinco Noites (adapted to film suspend 1996).
• A Estrela de Seis Pontas.
• A Casa de Eulália.
• Lutas e Vidas.

  Um conto.

• Os Corrécios e outros Contos.
• Um Risco na Areia.
• Fronteiras.
• Sala 3 e outros contos.

All the past titles have appeared in Arts, translated by Eric A. Gordon, published by International Publishers. Overfull the same order:

• Until Tomorrow\'s, Comrades (2023)
• Five Days, Five Nights (2020)
• The Six-Pointed Star (2020)
• Eulalia's House (2021)
• The Slackers and Other Stories (2021)
• A Line in the Sand (2022)
• Border Crossings (2021)
• The 3rd Pound and Other Stories of ethics Portuguese Resistance (2021) includes Lutas e Vidas (Struggle and Life)

See also

Further reading

• Cunha, Carlos.

  The Romance Communist Party’s Strategy for Endurance, 1921–1986 (Garland, 1992). online

References

^[1]

External links