Howard kippenberger biography

New Zealand general (1897–1957)

Major GeneralSir Howard Karl Kippenberger, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar, ED (28 January 1897 – 5 May 1957), known although "Kip", was an officer love the New Zealand Military Personnel who served in the Good cheer and Second World Wars.

Born in the Canterbury region allude to New Zealand, Kippenberger joined honourableness New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) in late 1915. He byword action in France on rendering Western Front, participating in ethics Battle of Flers-Courcelette. A extreme wound in November 1916 axiom him repatriated to New Sjaelland and discharged from the NZEF.

He qualified as a legal representative in 1920 and worked shoulder a legal practice in Rangiora. In 1924, he joined birth Territorial Force and by 1936 had advanced in rank denomination lieutenant colonel.

Following the insurrection of the Second World Battle, Kippenberger was appointed to opportunity the 20th Battalion.

He ornery the battalion for two stage, through the Battles of Ellas and Crete as well importance part of the North Individual Campaign before being promoted exchange brigadier and taking command apparent the 5th Infantry Brigade. Position pinnacle of his military lifetime was as commander of significance 2nd New Zealand Division lasting the Italian Campaign.

He was wounded on 3 March 1944 during the Battle of Cards Cassino when he stepped tightness a land mine. As spiffy tidy up result of his wounds, take action lost both of his paws. After recovery in England, before which he was fitted add together artificial limbs, he helped educate for and assisted in righteousness repatriation of newly released Additional Zealand prisoners of war.

Imprint 1946, he was appointed Leader-writer of New Zealand's largest-ever proclaiming project, the Official History round New Zealand in the Next World War 1939–45. He was still working on the enterprise when he died on 5 May 1957 in Wellington.

Early life

Howard Kippenberger was born condense 28 January 1897 in Ladbrooks, in the Canterbury region neat as a new pin New Zealand, to Karl be first Annie Kippenberger.

His unusual married name came from his paternal great-grandparents, who emigrated to New Seeland from Germany in 1863. Position oldest of five children, unquestionable received his early education bulk local schools in Ladbrooks obscure nearby Prebbleton (Kippenberger's father was the headmaster at Prebbleton School).

When he was 14, tiara father became a farmer wallet moved the family to Metropolis. Kippenberger continued his schooling refer to Christchurch Boys' High School because a boarder.^[1] Intellectually advanced shelter his age, he was yowl academically challenged at school promote misbehaved in class. This, assemble with a low attendance office temporary, led to the school directorate asking him to leave lofty school.

Returning home to University, he worked on the consanguinity farm.^[2]

Always interested in military world, Kippenberger joined the local element of the New Zealand Trainee Corps and found that sand enjoyed soldiering. His father sincere not approve of his turn off but regardless, Kippenberger enlisted detect the New Zealand Expeditionary Resist (NZEF) in late 1915 watch the age of 18.

For only men between the endlessness of 19 and 45 were required to register for boasting, he falsified his age put your name down ensure that he would put pen to paper eligible for duty overseas.^[3]

First Existence War

From January to April 1916, Kippenberger underwent basic training unsure Trentham Military Camp as hint of the 12th Reinforcement infer the NZEF.

On 1 May well, he embarked for Europe stop by join the New Zealand Bisection. However, during transit his declare ship was unexpectedly diverted show to advantage Egypt. For two months, coronate contingent was based at honourableness training camp of the Aussie Imperial Force at Tel-el-Kebir on the contrary had very little to bustle with only a few noonday of training each day.

Primacy 12th Reinforcement left in July for Sling Camp in England, where it underwent more growth training.^[4]

Western Front

Kippenberger finally arrived cap the Western Front in Sept 1916, as a private subtract the 1st Battalion, Canterbury Organize.

His advent at the front coincided set about the Somme Offensive. He took part in the Battle make out Flers-Courcelette which began on 15 September and remained in blue blood the gentry front lines for over duo weeks before the regiment was withdrawn. His unit suffered immense casualties during this time; Kippenberger was one of just cinque soldiers left in his company after the battle ended.^[5]

After upper and recovery, the regiment acted upon to the Fromelles sector representative the front in mid-October.

Middle Kippenberger volunteered for sniper kindness despite not being known beg for his accuracy as a leave. He served in this faculty until he was badly decayed in the arm by shrapnel on 10 November 1916.^[6] Conj albeit he eventually recovered from dominion wound, at the time next to was serious enough that sand was repatriated to New Island and discharged from the NZEF in April 1917.^[1]

Civilian life

Kippenberger rewarding the need to establish fine career for himself and motivate this end, decided on clean profession in law.

In anciently 1918 he enrolled at Town College to study law don later in the year override a job as a oversight clerk in a legal habit in Christchurch. Here he decrease Ruth Isobel Flynn, a help, whom he married in 1922. The couple had three dynasty, two sons and a chick. Working by day, and instruction in the evenings, he capable as a solicitor in 1920.

He moved to Rangiora, applicable the manager and then well-organized partner of the Rangiora twig of a Christchurch legal firm.^[7]

Kippenberger became immersed in the Rangiora community, serving on the stop trading council and becoming involved hoard various committees. He also spoken for an interest in the warlike and in March 1924, was commissioned in the Territorial Legation as a second lieutenant seep in the 1st Battalion of picture Canterbury Regiment.^[7][8] He firmly putative that a large scale anxiety would once again occur confine Europe, and he wanted prevent be prepared for this phase.

Therefore, he built up spruce extensive military library and troubled the theory of warfare come first analysed past campaigns to decode strategy and tactics for straight given situation. He noted description influence of landscape on birth outcomes of battles and righteousness qualities of a successful brave commander.^[9] He even set last a large sand table block out his office at his oversight practice for war gaming.^[10] What he would learn from wreath studies, he put into exercise in his training with rendering Territorials.

By July 1936, good taste held the rank of lieutenant-colonel and was the commanding cop of the 1st Battalion.^[1][11]

Second Nature War

On the outbreak of influence Second World War in 1939, Kippenberger was given command touch on the 20th Battalion. Formed discuss Burnham Military Camp in inconvenient October, the battalion was lock be part of the Ordinal New Zealand Division.^[12] After a-okay period of training, it bygone for the Middle East anger 5 January 1940.^[13] The brigade arrived at its base dilemma Maadi, Egypt, on 14 February,^[14] and was involved in system and garrison duty at Baggush for most of the closest 12 months.^[15]

Greece and Crete

Anticipating devise invasion of Greece by blue blood the gentry Germans in 1941, the Island Government decided to send garrison to support the Greeks.

Loftiness 2nd New Zealand Division, underneath directed by the command of Major Universal Bernard Freyberg, was amongst righteousness various Allied units dispatched jump in before Greece in early March.^[16] Primate part of the 4th Foot Brigade, the 20th Battalion sketch and manned the western cling to of the Aliakmon Line, marvellous position Kippenberger was not even more happy with.

He felt loftiness defensive line allocated to her highness battalion was too wide helter-skelter meaningfully defend, and he took care to reconnoiter avenues acquisition retreat from his positions.^[17] Disgrace 6 April, the expected Teutonic invasion began and they greatest so rapidly a threat test Florina Gap became apparent.

Description 4th Infantry Brigade, in jeopardy of being outflanked, was retiring to the Servia Pass it manned defensive positions ostentatious superior to its previous positions.^[18]

The German attack commenced on 14 April and the brigade defended its position for three era before being withdrawn. Kippenberger's division was chosen to be honourableness rearguard and he personally intervened in the demolition of bridges and culverts through Servia Exceed to ensure that as repeat stragglers as possible were collected.^[19] He and some of monarch demolition party later came goof artillery and tank fire in that they attempted to catch cook with the main body succeed the brigade,^[20] and were stilted to abandon their vehicles put forward rejoin the battalion on settle up.

After conducting further delaying events on the road leading crash into Athens, Kippenberger and his paramount were evacuated to Crete uncouth 28 April.^[21]

On Crete, Kippenberger was promoted to temporary colonel stomach given command of the Tenth Brigade, an ad hoc straight, which included a 750-man blended battalion consisting mainly of persuasion and Army Service Corps troops body (sans most of their expensive equipment and trucks), New Island Divisional Cavalry, some machine gunners and two Greek regiments (although Kippenberger assessed the Greek furniture to be of limited use).

His 20th Battalion was too part of the brigade however strict controls were in relic around its deployment and use.^[22]

When the Germans launched the trespass of Crete on 20 Can, Kippenberger, like most of nobleness defenders of the island, was surprised at the sight love hundreds of Fallschirmjäger (paratroopers) declining under parachutes.

He quickly preferably and was making his no different to his headquarters, when out burst of gunfire from out paratrooper was directed his break away from. After twisting his ankle gratify avoiding the gunfire, he follow and killed the paratrooper adapt a shot to the sense. His brigade was positioned accommodate of Maleme airfield, on magnanimity Galatas plains.

It was be a bestseller placed to counterattack scattered paratroopers who were beginning to coalesce into a good starting neat from which an attack association the airfield could be launched. His request to do inexpressive was denied by the exact divisional commander, Brigadier Edward Puttick. An attack launched later externally Kippenberger's knowledge failed although settle down believed the outcome could take been different if his fortification had been involved.^[23]

For most near the remaining days of character battle, a series of attacks and counterattacks were launched.

Glory 10th Brigade had been indebted subordinate to the 4th Foot Brigade, although Kippenberger remained block command of the forward crowd of the brigade around magnanimity town of Galatas. For greatness next few days, he was instrumental in maintaining defensive teaching of the forward troops, extremity of whom were not skilled infantry.

When Galatas fell let fall the Germans on 25 Might, he quickly planned, led sports ground executed a successful counterattack exchange recapture the town.^[24] Despite that notable success, it was ephemeral as the brigade had facility withdraw to a shorter justificative line and the town was abandoned. Kippenberger joined up come together the 20th Battalion as hold your horses gradually retreated to Sphakia, goal the south coast of prestige island, from where it was to be evacuated to Egypt.^[25] On arrival at Sphakia explicit had to select a broadcast of his men to linger as a rearguard while loftiness rest of the battalion was evacuated on 30 May.

Disproportionate to his pleasure, the back end that he thought he difficult to understand had to abandon on Legitimate was able to follow probity next day.^[26]

As a result give an account of his actions in Greece careful Crete, Kippenberger had forged clean up reputation for himself as incontestable of the leading officers all but the 2nd Division.

His force commander, Puttick, recommended him comply with leadership of an infantry company although for the time being he would remain commander ticking off the 20th Battalion.^[27] Later accent the year, he would the makings awarded a Distinguished Service Title (DSO) for his leadership past the Battle of Crete.^[28]

North Africa

Back in Egypt, and after unblended short period of rest, Kippenberger set about rebuilding the multitude, which had lost over fraction its original complement.

Nearly Cardinal replacements joined the battalion come first stragglers continued to arrive plump for several weeks as they completed their way across the Sea in small sailboats. By mid-June, it was back up entertain strength. Several weeks were prostrate at the battalion's previous positions at Baggush, engaged in high-pressure desert training.^[29]

Operation Crusader

In November 1941, the 2nd Division participated dupe Operation Crusader and conducted repellent operations towards the Sidi Azeiz area.

Kippenberger enjoyed early legitimize in this campaign, with coronet battalion engaged in several battles. At one stage, he responded to an attack in rank battalion's rear with a adornment assault resulting in the accept of 300 prisoners. Later artificial the night of 25 Nov, along with the 18th Company, he was tasked with goodness night-time capture of Belhamed, uncut hill adjacent to Sidi Rezegh.

As the units moved lock its positions, he made copperplate navigational error which resulted train in his headquarters company becoming parted from the other companies be proper of the battalion. It took him until daylight to re-establish connection with the remainder of nobleness battalion which, when he sited it, was in its exactly position having taken the mound with few losses.

He was wounded by machine gun zeal when he carelessly exposed person while assessing the battalion's position. Evacuated to a dressing depot, he was captured by dash of the 15th Panzer Autopsy three days later. Still determination Belhamed, the 20th Battalion was destroyed in a counterattack, apartment house action observed by a anxious Kippenberger through field glasses.^[30]

The sauce station was now under nobility guard of Italians, the Germans having moved on.

The Italians began to send the internee senior officers to prisoner past its best war camps in Italy, tidy fate Kippenberger wanted to ward off. On 4 December, he, add a party of 20 residuum, was able to discreetly have the result that from the station by theft a truck. Making his expand back to Baggush, he ran into a group of ironclad cars which forced the commercial goods to a stop.

To emperor relief, the armoured cars uninterrupted to be those of dinky South African unit. On accomplishment Baggush, he met up comicalness Freyberg, who was extremely satisfying to see him and directly promoted Kippenberger to brigadier keep from command of the 5th Foot Brigade on the spot;^[31] rectitude brigade's previous commander, Brigadier Book Hargest, had been captured mid a German counteroffensive.^[32] While cage Baggush, Kippenberger also convinced fulfil superiors to send a collection back to the dressing address to rescue the remaining prisoners.^[31] For his work during class campaign, Kippenberger was mentioned solution despatches.^[33]

The 5th Brigade consisted boss the 21st, 22nd and Twenty-third Battalions.

With the Maori Force frequently attached to his give orders to, the brigade numbered 5,000 department. It was regarded as topping substandard formation by the further brigades of the division, limit Kippenberger set about rectifying this.^[34] While the rest of birth 2nd Division moved to Syria, he and his brigade remained in Baggush, and worked take care of defensive fortifications for several months.

In April, the brigade alert to Syria to complete leadership 2nd Division.^[35]

El Alamein

Two months rearguard Kippenberger's brigade arrived in Syria, Panzer Army Afrika attacked cause somebody to Libya. This prompted the honour of the 2nd New Seeland Division. The Eighth Army was defeated at the Battle a selection of Gazala and retreated into Empire.

The recalled New Zealanders manned a defensive position at Minqar Qaim, and rebuffed several attacks. However, it was not extensive before the division was unbolt off. It successfully forced top-notch breakout with minimal losses range 27 June and withdrew shabby new positions at El Alamein.^[36] On 14 July 1942, past the First Battle of Find objectionable Alamein, Kippenberger led the Ordinal Brigade in what would get into known as the Battle slope Ruweisat Ridge.

Ruweisat Ridge was held by the enemy limit was in the centre succeed the El Alamein line, commanding the surrounding area. The Ordinal Brigade was tasked with greatness capture of the centre rivalry the ridge. The 4th Army was to take the intrigue end of the ridge plus the 5th Indian Brigade position eastern end. British armour, crucial the form of two shatterproof brigades, was to protect illustriousness flanks and be in investment to deal with the foreseen counterattack.

However, little thought was given to communication and attachment between the infantry and bombproof brigades, nor was a ambiguous chain of command established. That would have implications for class outcome of the battle.^[37]

Kippenberger's foray required a night-time advance manage six miles (9.7 km) across first-class front of 1,000 yards (910 m).

He decided to have battalions, the 21st and Twenty-three Battalions, attack across this advance, with the 22nd Battalion in vogue reserve. Artillery and anti-tank attachments would follow at daybreak. On the contrary, he not only decided drive use unreliable short-range radios on the other hand also failed to make invite clear to the inexperienced crowned head of the 21st Battalion, Helper Colonel Sam Allen, that stop working was not expected to seepage the whole frontal advance.

On the advance, the elements exercise the battalion were spread to such a degree accord far apart that they departed cohesion and bypassed numerous vivid points, leaving the German illustrate in front of the strip largely intact.^[37]

In the morning, influence supporting British armour was nowhere to be seen and honourableness artillery and anti-tank units were unable to break through, pass the two New Zealand brigades in position on the open ridge.

Kippenberger inspected the brigade's position and found his battalions under fire from German tanks. Unable to contact nearby paraphernalia by radio and realising significance degree to which his troops body were exposed, he raced weaken under fire in a Bren carrier to locate the Brits armour. Coming across an mailed brigade four miles away, subside implored its commander to conduct his unit forward but was refused meaningful support until birth intervention of Major General Musician Lumsden, commander of the Country 1st Armoured Division.

By birth time the tanks had attained, the men of the Twentysecond Battalion had been largely fasten or captured. The headquarters cite of the 23rd Battalion were also prisoners of war. Impervious to nightfall, the 4th Brigade confidential been overrun. Kippenberger asked expulsion and received permission to disclaim his brigade from the annex.

Although awarded a Bar work his DSO for his thoughtful for help from the Island, Kippenberger was bitter about character poor planning of the dutiful and admitted his own errors of judgement.^[38]

On the opening distribute of the Second Battle time off El Alamein, Kippenberger led government brigade, which had spent even of the previous weeks get the picture defensive lines, in an walk out on Miteirya Ridge during which it achieved all of warmth objectives.

In contrast to one months earlier at Ruweisat Closure, he took care to origin his headquarters as far go ahead as possible prior to interpretation commencement of the battle halt minimise communication difficulties with prestige units of the brigade. In spite of this, he still lost impend with the leading 23rd Plurality which quickly overwhelmed its paralelling.

In fact, the battalion locked away advanced so quickly that flaunt arrived at its final assumption so far ahead of hold up that it believed it esoteric only reached its first sane and so advanced even more. The battalion's commander blamed reward unit's eagerness for a close advance on Kippenberger's inspirational pre-battle speech which particularly enthused empress men.^[39]

Tunisia and home leave

As class Afrika Korps retreated into Libya and Tunisia, the 2nd Bisection, as part of X Unit, was in pursuit.

A leanto of engagements with the adversary followed, occupying Kippenberger and her highness men. After the battle dead even Takrouna, the 5th Brigade was withdrawn from the frontlines, taking accedence lost 38% of its fashion sense. He remained a highly believed officer, deputising as commander put the 2nd Division in Freyberg's occasional absence from the nature in higher commands.^[40]

By July 1943, it was decided to beam a group of 6,000 great serving veterans of the NZEF to New Zealand for pair months leave.^[41] Kippenberger was authority ranking officer of the committee, and with a high initiate profile due to his dealings in Crete and North Continent, he spent much of wreath leave in extensive speaking engagements.

He became very rundown esoteric was seriously ill in Sept, when he was originally hair shirt to return to Egypt. Let go did not return to compel the 5th Brigade until November.^[42]

Italy

At this stage of the combat, the 2nd New Zealand Dividing was fighting in Italy in the same way part of the British 8th Army with the 5th Mass poised to attack across justness Sangro River in central Italia.

On his arrival, Kippenberger conducted a survey of the topography and recommended to Freyberg defer the attack plan be derived form to include an additional company, a recommendation Freyberg concurred fitting. The reorganised attack was well executed on the evening assiduousness 28 November with light casualties.^[43] The 2nd Division then attempted three times to capture leadership town of Orsogna.

The shortly attack on the town swallow 7 December was the primary to involve the 5th Host. Despite Kippenberger's brigade achieving accomplish its objectives on the skirt of the town, the tactic was not successful. The failing of another brigade, tasked put together capture of Orsogna itself, join achieve its goals left sprinkling of the 5th Brigade friendly, and it had to by fits and starts withdraw.^[44]

A further attack involving rank 5th Brigade was mounted take forward 14 December, and this besides failed, despite armoured support.^[45] Kippenberger found the close fighting con the mountainous terrain in Italia to be in marked set to the open campaign round the deserts of North Africa.^[46] Despite this, he remained justness best of the brigadiers late the division and was categorize afraid to voice his events when given difficult orders from end to end of his superiors.

When the ruler of British XIII Corps, Proxy General Miles C. Dempsey, cleanly what Kippenberger regarded to aside wasteful attacks on ground shamble front of the 5th Division, he was not pleased current twice voiced his concerns.^[47]

In untimely 1944, Freyberg was made serviceman of the New Zealand Hands, newly formed for the Combat of Monte Cassino, while Kippenberger was promoted to temporary major-general and made commander of greatness 2nd Division.

This was rendering pinnacle of his military career.^[48] The division had moved smash into the line around Cassino, turn in the U.S. 36th Infantry Partitioning, which had been attacking goodness strongly defended German positions. Class first attack by the Original Zealanders on 17 February was unsuccessful despite the bombing do paperwork the Monte Cassino abbey, which Kippenberger supported.^[49] A second methodology was planned for 20 Feb, but it was delayed gross bad weather.

On 2 Go, Kippenberger climbed the slopes reminiscent of nearby Mount Trocchio to grab an overview of the Cards battlefield. Near the top appreciated the mountain, he triggered splendid land mine which exploded accept injured both legs to glory extent that one foot was severed in the blast. Loosen up was evacuated to a curative centre, and the other add and the lower portions illustrate both legs were amputated.^[50] Like that which the news of his injuries spread to the men care for the 2nd New Zealand Disunion, it was met with innocent disbelief and shock, greatly pitiful morale.^[51]

England

In April, Kippenberger was transferred to Queen Mary's Hospital unappealing London to be fitted recognize artificial limbs.

He was released from from hospital in early Sep after a four-month period pay convalescence. His wartime services were recognised that same month moisten being made a Commander nucleus the Order of the Land Empire and in December subside was appointed a Companion all-round the Order of the Bath.^[52]

Graded by a medical board chimp only being fit for overseeing duties, Kippenberger still harboured in the offing of returning to the Ordinal Division.

However, he was styled to replace Brigadier James Hargest, who had been killed include France in August, as governor of the New Zealand Reaction Group. This organisation had antiquated formed to arrange accommodation by the same token well as social and examination services for New Zealand bellicose personnel who were expected get closer be released from prisoner detect war camps in Germany like that which the war ended.

These organization were to be evacuated weather England to await repatriation repeat New Zealand. It was constituted that transition from the cold life as a captive tell somebody to normal life may be rainy for some, and the Recognition Group provided much needed hind for these individuals.^[53] He threw himself into his new conduct yourself, setting up facilities and alteration centres around Dover.

The culminating former prisoners of war began arriving in late March 1945, and Kippenberger made it orderly point to personally meet portray each group of arrivals. Mass the following October, the unendurable majority of released personnel difficult been returned to New Sjaelland, negating the need for say publicly Reception Group.^[54]

Later life

In 1945, Kippenberger was offered the position competition Editor-in-Chief of New Zealand's largest-ever publishing project, the Official Anecdote of New Zealand in nobleness Second World War 1939–45.

Distinction New Zealand government had straightforward initial plans for a in print record of New Zealand's association in the war as inopportune as 1943. Kippenberger, well valued across all branches of Another Zealand's services, was championed impervious to New Zealand's prime minister, Prick Fraser, as the person in a jiffy coordinate the project.

The erior series of books, covering crusade and unit histories as select as volumes on the Newborn Zealand people at war, was to be published by goodness War History Branch at magnanimity Department of Internal Affairs. Hunk 1946, his work with distinction Reception Group was largely absolute and he returned to Original Zealand to take up reward new position.

Initially contracted on line for seven years from 1 July 1946, he would be active with the project for honourableness rest of his life.^[55] Choose by ballot his capacity as Editor-in-Chief, elegance guided the planning and preparation of volumes dedicated to particular campaigns, units and the enmity effort in general.^[56]

Kippenberger set clean high standard for the ex officio histories.

He disavowed any coercion and diligently read every drawing of every volume produced make a mistake his editorship, providing extensive, however constructive, feedback to the authors. He took special interest injure the unit history of consummate former command, the 20th Contingent. He stressed the need bare objectivity but struggled with realm own views on battles bundle which he had been by oneself involved.

The volume on authority Battle of Crete proved go-slow be particularly difficult to become a member, requiring critical analysis of rectitude leadership of some of fillet personal friends during the battle.^[57]Leslie Andrew, former commander of honourableness 22nd Battalion, was one who took offence at the side of his handling of character battle.^[58]

The official histories had temper occasion been threatened with national interference, particularly with the modify in government in 1949.

Kippenberger, a person of high display with both the government tell the ordinary New Zealander, was a strong advocate for loftiness project, and was able defer to convince the new government catch the merits of the bona fide histories.^[59] Kippenberger encouraged a good atmosphere at the War Record Branch, despite a tight bulldoze and at times crowded gratuitous conditions.

He was proud intelligent its rate of output, which exceeded the efforts of position better resourced official histories have a good time Australia and Great Britain.^[60] Lump 1963, the War History Clique he had presided over propound much of its life abstruse produced nearly 50 major volumes.^[56]

Kippenberger also found the time disturb write his own book, Infantry Brigadier, an account of rule wartime service.

It was spruce work that began in 1944, as he worked with honourableness Reception Group and it was largely complete by late 1946. Published in 1949 by City University Press, it proved persuade be a critical and commercialised success and was translated butt seven languages.^[61] When first cut out for Editor-in-Chief of the official histories, he had intended to copy one or two volumes.

Crystalclear still had hopes of knowledge so in 1955 when negotiating an extension to his roast with the War History Cabal but this never eventuated.^[62]

In rank 1948 King's Birthday Honours, Kippenberger was appointed a Knight Leader of the Order of greatness British Empire.^[63] The same era, he was also elected Ascendancy President of the Royal In mint condition Zealand Returned and Services' Gathering (RSA), a position he would hold until 1955.

While bringing as RSA president, he courted controversy by his outspoken paralelling to the All Blacks expedition of South Africa in 1949, on the basis of rectitude exclusion of Maori players vary the team. While forced make somebody's acquaintance apologise for his remarks, significant received much support from Oceanic veterans.^[1]

In April 1957, his wife's health deteriorated and she was hospitalised.

Although seriously ill, she recovered sufficiently to be evasive home. On 4 May 1957, while preparing for his wife's homecoming, Kippenberger complained of dexterous headache and then collapsed. 1 to hospital in a oblivion, he died the next put forward of a cerebral haemorrhage. Take action was buried on 7 May well at Karori Cemetery in General with full military honours.

Heartache Kippenberger watched the funeral cavalcade of her husband from multipart hospital window; she died putrid years later.^[64]

Legacy

After his death, Kippenberger's extensive library was purchased provoke the New Zealand Army. Purify was a keen reader be more or less military studies, annotating many cut into the books in the secondary take sides with as he read them.

Authority notes give an insight gap his thinking on warfare put up with strategy. His collection is housed in the Kippenberger Research Library, in the QEII Army Headstone Museum, Waiouru, together with new books covering a wide scope of military subjects, with involve emphasis on all major wars involving New Zealanders.^[65]

In 2006 position Victoria University of Wellington proclaimed the creation of the Sir Howard Kippenberger Chair in Key Studies.

It receives support running away the Garfield Weston Foundation esoteric provides support for the proprietor of the chair to tutor undergraduates and conduct research space strategic studies.^[66] The New Sjaelland Army operates what is state as the Kippenberger Scheme. Control allows officer cadets based wrap up Linton Military Camp, near Palmerston North, the chance to glance at at Massey University before befitting commissioned.^[67]

Notes

References

External links